Bihar, a state in eastern India, has a rich and diverse musical heritage. Traditional vocal forms of music in Bihar reflect the cultural and historical aspects of the region. Let’s explore some of the prominent traditional vocal forms of music in Bihar.
Maithili Music
Maithili music is one of the oldest vocal traditions in Bihar. It is deeply rooted in Maithili culture and is known for its lyrical and melodic compositions. Maithili folk songs, called “Maithili Lok Geet,” are sung on various occasions, including weddings, festivals, and social gatherings. The songs often depict themes of love, nature, and folklore. Some popular Maithili music styles include Samdaun, Jhumar, and Dhobiya Geet.
Bhojpuri Music
Bhojpuri music is another significant vocal form in Bihar, particularly in the Bhojpuri-speaking regions. Known for its vibrant and energetic style, Bhojpuri music often accompanies folk dances like the Jat-Jatin and the Jhumar. The lyrics of Bhojpuri songs cover a wide range of themes, including love, humor, social issues, and cultural traditions. Bhojpuri music gained significant popularity through films, and many Bhojpuri film songs have become chart-toppers in recent years.
Buiya
Buiya is a traditional vocal form practiced by the Mishmi tribe in Arunachal Pradesh. It is performed during festivals, agricultural activities, and other community events. Buiya involves group singing in a call-and-response pattern, where a lead singer is joined by a chorus. The songs reflect the tribe’s relationship with nature, folklore, and daily life experiences. The use of traditional instruments like bamboo flutes, drums, and cymbals adds to the rhythmic and melodious nature of Buiya.
Angika Music
Angika music is associated with the Anga region of Bihar. It has its distinct style and is characterized by soulful melodies and meaningful lyrics. Angika folk songs express emotions, social issues, and cultural values of the Anga people. The music often accompanies traditional dance forms like Jat-Jatin and Jhumar. Angika music has been influenced by various neighboring musical traditions, resulting in a unique blend of musical elements.
Magahi Music
Magahi music is native to the Magadh region of Bihar. It encompasses a wide range of folk songs and devotional music. The songs are usually accompanied by traditional instruments like the dholak, harmonium, and manjira. Magahi music often narrates folk tales, historical events, and religious stories. The famous “Jat-Jatin” dance of Magadh is performed to the beats of Magahi music.
Nirgun Bhajans
Bihar has been a significant center for the Bhakti movement, and Nirgun Bhajans hold a special place in its musical tradition. Nirgun Bhajans are devotional songs that focus on spiritualism and the concept of formless divinity. These songs are sung in praise of deities like Lord Shiva and often have philosophical undertones. Prominent Nirgun Bhajan composers like Saint Kabir and Saint Raidas have influenced this musical genre in Bihar.
Sohar
Sohar is a traditional form of vocal music sung during childbirth ceremonies in Bihar. It is believed to bring good luck and blessings to the newborn and the mother. Sohar songs are usually composed in a narrative style and express joy and happiness. These songs celebrate the arrival of a new life and are sung by women in the community.
Conclusion
The traditional vocal forms of music in Bihar reflect the cultural diversity and historical significance of the region. Whether it’s the lyrical Maithili music, energetic Bhojpuri melodies, soulful Angika compositions, or devotional Nirgun Bhajans, these vocal traditions continue to thrive and captivate audiences, preserving Bihar’s rich musical heritage.