Bihu
Bihu is the most famous and widely celebrated festival in Assam, and its traditional songs are an integral part of the festivities. Bihu music encompasses three different forms: Bohag Bihu, Magh Bihu, and Kaati Bihu, each associated with a specific season. Bihu songs are marked by fast-paced rhythms and joyful lyrics, often expressing themes of love, nature, and rural life. The Bihu dance, performed by both men and women, is accompanied by the lively beats of traditional instruments like the dhol (drum), pepa (hornpipe), taal (cymbals), and gogona (mouth harp).
Ojapali
Ojapali is a traditional form of religious music and dance that originated in Assam. It is performed during religious ceremonies and festivals, particularly in Sattras (Vaishnavite monasteries) associated with the Ekasarana Dharma tradition. Ojapali incorporates storytelling through songs, depicting the life and teachings of Lord Krishna and other deities. The performers, known as Oja and Ojika, sing devotional songs accompanied by the khol (drum) and taal (cymbals). Ojapali is characterized by energetic movements and intricate footwork.
Tokari Geet
Tokari Geet is a folk music genre popular in rural Assam. It involves singing accompanied by the Tokari, a stringed instrument made of bamboo or gourd. The lyrics of Tokari Geet typically revolve around themes of love, nature, and everyday life. Tokari Geet is performed by both solo artists and groups, and its melodious tunes evoke a sense of nostalgia and simplicity.
Zikir
Zikir is a traditional Islamic devotional music form prevalent among the Assamese Muslim community. It is performed during religious gatherings and festivals. Zikir features rhythmic chanting of hymns and prayers in praise of Allah and Prophet Muhammad. The performers, known as Zakirs, create a captivating atmosphere through their harmonious voices and repetitive chants. The musical accompaniment includes the dhol, tabla, and hand cymbals.
Borgeet
Borgeet is a classical devotional music form closely associated with the Sattras and the Ekasarana Dharma tradition in Assam. These songs, composed by revered saint-scholars like Srimanta Sankardeva and Madhavdeva, are sung to express devotion to Lord Vishnu. Borgeets are characterized by their intricate melodies, poetic lyrics, and spiritual themes. The musical arrangement includes traditional instruments like the khol, taal, violin, flute, and harmonium.
Jhumur
Jhumur is a popular folk music and dance form primarily practiced in the tea-growing regions of Upper Assam. It is influenced by the cultural traditions of the tea garden laborers, who were brought from various parts of India. Jhumur songs are accompanied by rhythmic movements and express a range of emotions, including love, longing, and the struggles of daily life. The musical ensemble typically includes the harmonium, dholak (hand drum), and dotara (a stringed instrument).
Conclusion
These traditional vocal forms of music in Assam reflect the cultural diversity and artistic expressions of the various communities residing in the region. They serve as a means of storytelling, religious devotion, social cohesion, and celebration. Through these vibrant musical traditions, Assam celebrates its cultural heritage and passes on its legacy to future generations.